12
Май, 2011
Рубрика: Вещает Кривой Рог

Без чего победить невозможно

Общеизвестно, что автомобиль является источником повышенной опасности, а нетрезвый водитель — потенциальным преступником. Статистика ежегодно публикует печальные факты того, что приносят с собой ситуации, когда управление автомобилем берет на себя человек под воздействием алкоголя.

Сегодня в борьбу с этим злом включились и государство, и общество, и техническая мысль, но для победы не хватает еще чего-то…

Пьянство за рулем, в той или иной мере, свойственно многим странам мира, и методы борьбы в них самые разные. В странах Скандинавии, вот уже десять лет, как на автотранспорте, используемом для перевозок детей и пассажиров, штатной считается система блокировки зажигания, если за рулем нетрезвый водитель. Одно время установка такого блокиратора являлась альтернативой денежному штрафу, который, например в Швеции, начинается с суммы в 600 долларов США. В стране лучших в мире автобанов – Германии – прижилась система штрафных баллов. В Финляндии – дифференцирование наказания от статуса и заработной платы нарушителя. Акцент на материальное воздействие делается  в большинстве стран Европы, но, к сожалению, вопреки стабильно растущим размерам штрафов, количество искалеченных судеб остается стабильным и удручающим. На этом фоне, следует признать, что в борьбе за трезвость на дорогах, бессильными остаются и алкотестеры, и видеокамеры, и даже честность инспекторов дорожного движения.
Нельзя назвать решением проблемы и более радикальные меры. Так, в Белоруссии, автолюбитель, дважды в течение года задержанный с запахом спиртного, автоматически лишается своего транспортного средства в пользу государства. Малоэффективна пока и практика Китая. Там любое нарушение ПДД нетрезвым водителем влечет уголовную ответственность с наказанием вплоть до смертной казни.

Довольно необычное средство для воспитания водителей было предложено и уже активно используется в США. Такой мерой стало применение электронного браслета. Обычно они крепятся к ноге и постоянно носятся весь срок, определяемый судом. Принцип действия его основан на свойстве кожи человека выделять порядка одного процента алкоголя, находящегося в его организме. Умный прибор исключает практически все ухищрения, направленные на его дезориентацию. Пластыри, бинты и скотчи, используемые в качестве изолятора прибора от кожи, — лишь провоцируют устройство на срабатывание сигнала тревоги. Благодаря чувствительным датчикам, информация о малейших изменениях температуры, влажности, состава воздуха передается в специальную полицейскую службу, как попытка преступить закон.

Использование антиалкогольных браслетов весьма выгодно и в экономическом плане. Согласно законодательству США, пьянство за рулем наказывается тюремным заключением, где сутки содержания составляют от шестидесяти долларов. GSM охрана же общества от пьяниц за рулем обходится в пять раз дешевле. Следует отметить, что зафиксировано немало случаев, когда граждане, стремящиеся избавиться от пристрастия к алкоголю, по собственной воле приобретают подобные фирменные алкотестеры оптом. И, естественно, не бесплатно их носят. Сегодня, благодаря антиалкогольным устройствам, более 10 тысяч американцев находятся под пристальным надзором полиции. Всего же, за последние семь лет, такие электронные браслеты в США успели «примерить» более 110 тысяч человек. Это внесло свой вклад в существенное снижение количества нетрезвых водителей на дорогах США, но о победе речь вести пока рано и здесь.

Ужесточение мер воздействия к тем, кто подвергает жизнь людей опасности, финансирование достижений науки и внедрение их в борьбу с пьяными за рулем – все это правильно и достойно уважения. Вот только победить зло очень трудно, пока не будет приниматься за правило жизни то, что алкоголь и управление автомобилем — понятия несовместимые!

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