Ценное золото
Какие качества золота обуславливают его столь высокую цену?
Люди на свадьбах даже не задумываются, почему обручальные кольца сделаны из золота, а не из какого-либо другого материала, например, серебра или бронзы. Чем же к себе так располагает золото и почему оно такое дорогое?
Несколько тысяч лет назад золото уже было металлом №1. Древние дворцы египетских фараонов всегда были украшены им. Это красивый материал, напоминающий человеку о солнце, которое ассоциируется с теплом и властью. Но это далеко не единственная причина, по которой золото ценится так высоко.
Меньше всего в мире ценится то, что можно повстречать на каждом углу. А золото – довольно редкий предмет. За всю историю человечества был добыт лишь 50-футовый куб столь ценного материала. Ровно столько же изготавливается стали за 1 час.
Редкость и красота – это не все качества золота, которые определяют его высокую цену. В природе существует много красивых природных материалов, и довольно редких тоже. Помимо всего прочего золото – весьма мягкий материал, что даёт возможность мастерам легко изготавливать из него украшения. А для его очистки не требуется использования станков и высокотехнологичных процессов. Но именно мягкость золота сделала его таким популярным среди ювелирных мастеров. Сегодня из него изготавливают кольца, серьги, часы, браслеты, цепочки и другие полезные и не очень предметы. Но у этой мягкости есть и другая сторона. Хоть и изготавливать изделия из золота довольно несложно, мягкие кольца и серьги бы просто гнулись, и никто не захотел бы носить некрасивые гнутые предметы. Потому ювелиры практически не используют чистое золото для изготовления своих побрякушек, добавляя в него более прочные материалы, такие как медь, серебро, цинк и другие. Для оценки чистоты металла была введена единица измерения – карат. 24 карата соответствуют чистому золоту, 23 карата означают что изделие изготовлено в пропорции: 23 части из золота, 1 часть из другого материала и т. д. Соответственно, чем больше каратов, тем и цена выше.
Ещё одно свойство, которое выгодно отличает золото от других металлов – это химическая устойчивость. Оно не ржавеет в отличие, скажем, от стали, подвергнувшейся водной обработке. Поэтому этот материал весьма вынослив и долговечен. Даже если золото пролежит на дне морском сотни лет, оно не потеряет своих свойств и даже не потускнеет. А представьте, что будет с серебром или медью? Все эти металлы меняют цвет от воздействия воздуха или воды.
Золото широко используется в высокотехнологичных электронных платах, где не могут появляться некачественные соединения. Возьмём, к примеру, космос. Сложно провести ремонтные работы на спутнике, вращающемся на орбите в 36 тысячах километров от Земли. Золото отлично отражает инфракрасные лучи и тепло. Очень тонкое золотое покрытие используется для защиты бортовой электроники спутников от солнечной радиации. Даже космические костюмы и защитные маски содержат тонкий слой золота, чтобы защитить астронавтов от солнца. Вернёмся на Землю. В некоторых зданиях окна содержат тонкий слой золота для отражения тепла. Ежемесячные расходы на пользование кондиционерами в таких домах существенно снижается. Поиск золота привёл человечество к неожиданным результатам.
В средние века возникла псевдонаука, целью которой было найти способы превращения менее дорогих металлов, таких как свинец, в золото. Но работа, которую они провели с другими материалами, дала мощный толчок развитию химии.
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Там, где находят золото, происходит бурный рост населения. После того, как в Австралии 1851 году открыли золото с active air, население страны почти что утроилось в течение последующих 10 лет. А золотая лихорадка в Калифорнии в 1849 году привлекла тысячи людей на Дикий Запад, что годом позже привело к образованию официального штата Калифорния.
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